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The same sentence, three ways

Beginners freeze on politeness more often than on vocabulary. The casual line is for friends. The middle line is the one to use. The last line is the one to use when you want to be careful.

Asking for water

All three ask for the same thing. Only the middle and last belong in a shop.

Asking for the bill

Catch someone's eye before you say it. You are not calling across the room.

Saying you do not understand

The last line gives the other person a moment to slow down.

Saying thank you

The middle line is the one for shops and stations. The last line is when someone has gone out of their way.

Getting someone's attention

Catch their eye first. You are not calling across the room.

Asking for the restroom

お手洗い (o te-a-ra-i) is the word on the door. トイレ (to-i-re) is what you will also hear.